I haven’t really got a good answer to the questions above when it comes to the theoretical production model which you originally asked about, but regarding my simplified example of personal saving, I would need to save 96 every year after the initial year if I wished to maintain my personal “production structure” of “100 USD each year for the next two years”. This would be easily accomplished due to also recieving 100 USD every year.
I am not sure how that relates to the production structure, or if it does at all. Especially confusing is trying to figure out what “gross investment” means in my simplified example versus what it means in the theoretical model of the production structure.
The thought that first comes to mind is that part of the saving each year comes from the money spent on consumption in previous years that has travelled up the stages of production. In any specific year, only the consumer good industry has its costs covered by sales of consumer goods. The stages above this one have their costs covered by sales of capital goods which are paid for by the savings done from their higher-order stage customers which they have earned from past sales of consumer goods.
Not really a very good answer, but I just wanted to get it out there. In any case, I would really recommend De Soto’s book on banking and trade cycles, which I am also reading right now, but have not really grasped well enough to be very good at explaining it. He gives a very thorough explanation of the production structure model in chapter 5.