I did say that, in the real world, protein comes from a variety of sources, didn’t I? That is, it doesn’t have to come from meat at all.
Do you happen to know what happens to excess protein that’s taken in? I ask because I’m not sure myself.
Cattle are hardly the only food animals around. There are also pigs, sheep, chicken, turkey, many different species of fish and crustaceans, etc. - and that’s hardly exhaustive.
Strictly speaking, you’re right - humans don’t need meat per se to be healthy. What humans need to be healthy are certain amounts of certain macro- and micronutrients. Many of those happen to exist in many different kinds of meat.
Here’s some additional information on how much grains cattle typically consume. According to this, it’s recommended to feed a cow no more than 1-3% of its body weight in grains per day. Making a conservative assumption that all cows on Earth are fully grown (roughly 455 kilograms), then no more than 14 kilograms of grains should be fed to it per day. Multiplying that times 365 days per year and by the total number of cows in my thought experiment (two billion), we arrive at a figure of 1.022 *10^16 grams of grain each year being fed to all cattle. This is well under the total amount of corn and wheat produced by the world in 2009 - according to the Oklahoma State University link I provided earlier, that figure is about 1.5 * 10^18 grams. There’s a roughly two-order-of-magnitude (or 100-to-1) difference between this figure and what two billion fully-grown cows would need for a year. In other words, the grain needed to feed those cows would constitute only 1% of the total corn and wheat grown by the entire world. So it seems like the issue of grazing land would be more important here.