What was wrong with the previous gold standard?

That’s the second time you’ve called someone a socialist for not supporting your Big Central Government model.

According to my understanding Central Banks are government institutions and the corporatism which is evident by the big banks getting what they want out of them is the direct result of Big Central Government. You can throw around ad hominum attacks all you want but it still doesn’t change the fact that advocating for a State controlled monetary system is about as collectivist as you can get.

You claim to be a Free Market advocate yet you consistently defend a State monopoly fiat currency even when shown that competition to their monopoly has proven to be impossible under the current system.

You also ignore the negative effects of inflationary policies by simply stating that you can buy bank shares and equally profit in the same way as the banks and call this ‘exercising freedom’. Or start your own bank and get inflated currency directly from the Fed or, my favorite, start your own competing currency…but only if it doesn’t directly compete against the State.

I just looked at your posting history and you appear to be a one issue astroturfer, which bank pays your salary I wonder? Cui Bono?

It is kind of interesting how you are trying to use Hayek’s arguments as proof that opposition to a fiat currency is a ‘class struggle’ and in opposition to freedom of association. I guess you missed the part where Hayek was closer to the Real Bills Doctrine when it comes to monetary policy which is in conflict to the market determined commodity currency of Mises and the Austrian School.

Not that I’m questing the truthfullness of the first statement…

Maybe you should increase your schooling to include some non-Hayek sources, yes I know it’s insulting to suggest you are ignorant on the subject but perhaps if you read some ‘real’ Austrian monetary theories then you wouldn’t have to resort to calling people Socialists when they don’t agree with your discredited/disproven monetary views.

----edit-----

Oh, and the quoting out of context is just plain annoying, either use the whole sentence/concept or nothing at all.

One must wonder what government intervention in the monetary sector has to do with capitalism or libertarianism…

Care to prove these statements?

As far as I know, seriously, the only time there have been “business cycles” as Murray N. Rothbard defines them as widespread economic downturn, has been during some course of economic tampering by the government.

“you’ve called someone a socialist for not supporting your Big Central Government model”

I don’t have a big central government model. I don’t have a model at all - I’ve already stated my scale of preferences among typical monetary arrangements, but I’ve also indicated most of them are just fine with me, I regard none of the usual ones as fundamentally illegitimate, just some as more expedient than others. I have counseled asking less of monetary policy, not more, invited people to try to restore a commodity standard without actually expecting it to fly, etc.

But I am not willing to renounce the economic freedom to issue debt obligations without prior explicit commodity cover, if both parties freely contract to do so. I have been pointing out that one cannot actually get a monetary regime that forbids any kind of fiduciary issuance of the kind Austrians regard as responsible for the cycle, without abolishing more in the way of economic freedoms than the (dubious) end involved can possibly be worth.

Since the other side of the argument in the thread has acknowledge - insisted for their own part, really - that such issuance predates central banking, and existed under a gold standard (or gold exchange standard) with fractional reserve banking, it is ridiculous to pretend I am defending the Fed. The other side isn’t attacking just the Fed, but practices that predate it by hundreds of years, and extend well beyond any government role in the matter. If bankers issue fiduciary media beyond commodity cover, without any government involvement whatever, the Misesian-Austrian objection remains unaltered. Hence they are not objecting to a government role in the matter, but to the economic practice itself, even if engaged in freely by non-government actors. To prevent such free action, would require extensive government intervention in free credit decisions - as I have explained at length, by showing all the other economic practices that have the same effect.

You can’t object to institution A because of effect A prime, and seek to outlaw effect A prime, without also objecting to all other institutions that have effect A prime. You might object to institution A on some other basis. But the basis chosen determines the breadth of institutions struck by the objection or criticism. If essential economic liberties are attacked this way, then libertarians ought to object, themselves. Say the government intervenes in the health care market by providing health insurance plans. If one objects to allegely horrible consequences of health insurance plans of any kind and uses this as a basis to criticise that government action, then those interested in their economic freedom to contract for health care plans have to object. If instead you only objected that the state has no legitimate role in the matter, that would be a different story, since it would leave private actors free.

But the objection that issuance of fiduciary media beyond commodity cover is supposedly ruinous, is not an objection to state action, but to a specific kind of economic action that any institution (or indeed, individual entrepeneur) might engage in, that historically was engaged in by banks long before states intervened in the matter, and that is still dominated by private actors - and would remain to private actors under most monetary reforms, including plenty I would support or have no objection toward.

When furthermore such action is painted as criminal, likened to counterfeiting, and it is remarked with approval that people doing so might be murdered, then I see a violent attack on an essential economic liberty - and an arm of the state being engaged in or support it, recently, is a mere excuse. Those so attacked are not agents of the state. They are not oppressing anyone. They are free men providing a valuable service, legitimately. But they are still being painted as enemies who deserve death. This is exactly what socialists did when they advocated murder of capitalists along with the abolition of profit as supposedly illegitimate and based on exploitation, and denounced the laws that protected property as a mere protection racket or “committee of defense of the bourgoisie”. They fully intend, despite attacking a state controlled by others at the time, to use state action to assault those they slandered. And so do those who attack bankers violently, while painting the bare phenomenon of gratuitous credit as a crime.

Attacking “big banks” because they “get what they want” out of the government is not libertarianism. Banks (like those others brought up - Citi or Merrill e.g.) are private institutions, protected by the right of free association, and pillars of capitalism. They are also not remotely exclusive and anybody who likes may partner with them by simply owning their shares, making it ridiculous to paint them as some nefarious enemy.

“shown that competition to their monopoly has proven to be impossible”

Nothing of the kind has been shown. I have shown that you can join them if you can’t beat them, and I’ve explained the businesslike way to go about providing an alternate store of value money - and I’ve also explained how completely voluntary any exposure to the supposedly ruinous effects of their action is, and how to avoid it if one wants to do so.

“ignore the negative effects of inflationary policies”

I believe I clearly indicated the role of excessive money issuance in the cycle, and agreed it has negative consequences. I simply do not agree that those consequences can all be abolished with a specific institutional reform, and deny it is worth the attempt. I believe those consequences are entirely parallel to the consequences of every other significant forecast error on the part of entrepeneurs. If allegedly negative consequences of such errors were sufficient reason to abolish the freedom to engage in the actions in which those errors arise, then all significant economic freedom would be destroyed. There is no significant action by entrepeneurs that will leave the value of all other commodities that others happen to hold, unchanged. Simply changing the value of commodities you freely choose to hold, is not a crime. When two other parties freely contract in a way that has that as a side effect, you have no legitimate objection in the matter. You have no prior right to the value of any set of commodities you choose to hold, remaining unchanged by the combined actions of others. It would be impossible to ensure any such pretended right, even if someone wanted to grant it.

The goal being unattainable and the cost being potentially as high as all our economic freedoms, I am not willing to conceed the principle behind the criticism. If you confined yourself solely to criticizing a state role where you think there should be none, or less than now, I would not have this objection. But you are not so confining yourself. You are criticizing private bankers for propagating their debts and others for accepting those debts as money. And you have no standing to do so - your entire objection is baseless.

“I just looked at your posting history and you appear to be a one issue astroturfer”

I posted on Austrians and the cycle before, in blog format rather than this forum. I posted on the present banking crisis in another thread, to answer another’s question. I post elsewhere at great length on all sorts of issues (notably at Free Republic, tens of thousands of times). My issue with Austrians is about economics and banking - I think them fine on the diagnosis of the cycle as I thought I made tolerably clear, but Mises specifically wrong in the policy prescription for the reasons I have stated here, at length. Why would I post about Pakistan here? Why would I post about general history here? I have many interests, I post tens of thousands of times about them, but they are not all at the little tiny pond that is Mises.org.

“which bank pays your salary”

Do I have to cite chapter and verse from Mises personally about the illegitimacy of this sort of argumentation? It has no basis in fact, of course. But see Theory and History, early on, for Mises’ own choice words for those who engage in it.

First, threaten to rob if not murder a whole class of people. Then if anybody defends them, claim they are one of them and only defending them out of self interest, and therefore anything they say is to be discounted. Only arguments that agree with the original bloodthirsty demand will survive this procedure - but of course it settles nothing. Worse, it shows the bankruptcy of those who resort to it. Worse still in this instance, the only alleged evidence that I must be a paid tool of the nefarious banking cartel is that I have defending their economic rights - while in fact I work in the software industry, etc.

But who benefits? You would, if you were right and bought bank stock at the next open. But you don’t, because you don’t believe your own “line”.

As for my allegedly missing something about Hayek, I can assure you I haven’t, but my position is my own. Where Hayek is invaluable in this discussion is his principled defense of economic liberty in “Road”, and his direct argument that seeking economic security at any cost is a game not worth the candle. Economic liberty, or liberty of any kind, is not to be sacrificed for a few percent a year on savings - especially not when you can get it anyway by just being anything but brain dead about the assets you use as stores of value (use commodities or portfolio investment including equities, not the debt of banks under fiat money).

I’ve read pretty much all of Mises, and most of the modern explicators of the Austrian position. And the precedessors, Bohm Bawerk etc. And the critics and other sides and modern monetarists. And economic history, ages back. And… well, pretty much everything really.

There is nothing discredited about any of my monetary views, either from any of those classic authors nor from anything anyone has written in this thread. Yes Mises has a whole store of excellent arguments ready and waiting for scads of other unsound positions, but this helps not a bit for the man in front of you, who simply isn’t making any of those errors. He is instead pointing out a couple in Mises himself, which are in fact errors, and prescribing a more moderate goal for reform.

Incidentally, I think Hayek or Mises would be just horrified by men pretending to speak in their name while advocating the murder of bankers as supposedly notorious criminals, simply for issuing fiduciary media. Both were principled liberals and loathed that sort of rhetoric from the bottom of their hearts. They didn’t want anyone murdered for engaging in finance - even for engaging in it unsuccessfully or badly. If they wanted to reform institutions in the matter, it was because they sincerely believe it was possible to remove downside consequences without threatening anyone or imperiling anyone’s necessary liberties in the matter. For Mises specifically and the commodity cover issue specifically, I think he just had not thought the generalized consequence through sufficiently. This is not too surprising - even his diagnosis of the way issuance of money substitutes affects the economy had “bugs”. But certainly you will nowhere find Mises speaking of hanging men or shooting them because of how they have conducted their banking operations, nor will you find him calling everyone in the free market “zombies”.

With Hayek we don’t have to speculate - he made his principle quite clear in Road. A little hoped-for economic security (here, alleged abolition of the cycle) is not worth vital economic liberties (here, ability of private parties to freely contract in credit transactions).

Niccolo - I can answer your question in a single word - famine.

Clearly there were widespread economic downturns in pre modern agricultural societies, some of them severe enough to imperil physical existence for large numbers of people.

Government sponsored central banking is no older than John Law. The contrary proposition is therefore committed to the view that all of economic history from the cavemen to 1720 was a single continuous upward movement. This is clearly just poppycock. If you define something narrowly enough you can try to exclude all premodern phenomena I suppose, but it is a tendentious exercise for ideologues. Economies naturally fluctuate. Governments also manage to screw up economic regulation and management in all sorts of way that predate and have nothing to do with central banking.

We can also trace the error to first principles. The view that economic action always results in the gains entrepeneurs (or other important directors of large scale economic action) envisioned when they first planned them, is itself an artifact on an excessively mathematical idealization about economic action. All the terms in the theories involved are instead expected, not realized, results, and all practical action occurs in the uncertain environment of changing preferences, changing plans by multiple parties, and a fluctuating natural environment. Moreover, we can isolate various feedback effects within the system and note that some are positive in the short run. Formal control theory shows as a matter of mere mathematics what such positive feedbacks do in systems of any kind - they set off destabilizing fluctuations in both directions, until swamped by larger countervailing negative feedbacks.

Now, it is certainly true that monetary expansion is an instance of such a positive feedback - but it is so, whether the government has anything to do with the expansion or not. See Kindleberger (Financial History of Western Europe) if you want chapter and verse on pre modern and early modern financial crises, and the wide variety of substitute moneys and financing forms used to support them (clipping and debasement, new physical sources, chains of accomodation bills, speculative contracts on favored assets traded on small margins, etc)

Inquisitor -

If men call for the abolition of all forms of debt issuance beyond prior commodity cover, they are not talking merely about government intervention in anything. They are talking about a specific type of economic action that any party may engage in - gratuitous credit issuance and acceptance. I would like to retain my right to engage in it, and of others to do so, and regard it as central to capitalism. Others here regard it, apparently, as a crime worthy of execution. How they call themselves “libertarian” while engaged in such hyperbole, you will have to ask them.

Right, but I don’t think you will see anyone here taking that position; so long as it is a clear term of a contractual exchange, it is fine - it then is merely a matter of who is willing to accept such contracts. This still leaves no room for an entity such as the Federal Reserve. We see all state agents as criminal, not just central bankers.

Business cycle. Not natural depravation of resources.

Moreover, one could also assume that had price fixing not been a factor or that government interference not been involved at all so as to allow prices to freely fluctuate, famines would not have existed.

And why is that? Why would it not be that economic prices would fix this problem? Are you denying the price equilibrium model? Very un-Schumpeterian!

Don’t try to feed a son of Rome that bollix about government banking being no older than the 18th century.

I’d look to Emperor Gallienus and Valerian before the rise of Claudius II of Illyria, if you want to really know something about the history of banking and national mints in relation to credit exchange and dimunitions of moneys.

Maybe you should look a little more closely at my question. Certainly ages that knew of no credit would probably not be equally applicable to credit booms and busts. That’s not defining something “narrowly” that’s defining the business cycle.

Wait… What? Who claims that?

I am already well versed in that subject, which is why I asked you to give an example. I would not ask a question that I didn’t already know the answer to.

That would be very amateur of me indeed. However, I knew that you had nothing but environmental disasters and catastrophes of ancient world phenomena, the problem is that’s not what a business cycle looks like in the modern sense of a recession, boom, bust, etc.

You assume entirely too much. I have been owning and trading bank shares for more than a decade and half; that’s in stock trading accounts, not passive mutual fund positions. It’s no co-incidence that banking and financial intermediation now account for half of our economy; I saw that coming as early as the early 90’s, when I first entered stock market. The “too big to fail” banks have a huge leg up other market participants in practically all other industries: the fiat money authority’s willingness to keep them alive at the expense of everyone else in the economy.

Banking/credit-extension is a gamble, how would you like your bookie having control over the horses after you lay bets? That’s exactly the problem with our fiat money economy: if a too-big-to-fail bank is practically insolvent, the FED can open discount window to lend out at such a low rate as to paper over the bad debts until inflation makes such bad debt irrelevent. Open-market operations are not free market operations. Has any individual or non-bank business or even small new banks ever been allowed to borrow at the discount window? Especially now that the discount window rate is practically lower than what banks would want to charge each other for overnight borrowing. When banks stop lending to each other; i.e. when the relatively competitive market judges the FED FUNDS RATE too low to justify the risk of lending to other banks, why should the FED be steping in and giving unworthy “qualified” institutions subsidized money at the expense of every FRN holder?

Not sure why you were so into ad hominim attacks. I wasn’t advocating off with the bankers’ head at all. However, if the contract was “demand deposit,” and the punishment for fraud involving large sums of money was beheading, well that was just too bad for the over-leveraged fractional reservist facing a bank run. Glad you brought up the point that people are free to make their contracts denominated in anything . . . sure, but then government steps in to render contract void when bankers can’t pay up gold. Just ask people who had contracts with Gold Clause prior to 1933. I’m not even against corporation limited liability. However, when a corporation fails to live up to its obligations, creditors should be able to demand liquidation of the corporation. That’s clearly not the case with banks. The banks got a “holiday” in 1933; then gold was banned so that banks were entirely freed from their prior obligations. Now, tell me, how many depositors signed up for demand deposit accounts with the stipulations that if the bank can’t pay up the bankers will convince the government to expropriate the despositor’s wealth? Even today, the FED is taking obviously delinquent “mortgage papers” that at best fetch about 25 cents on the dollar at full face value as collateral to lend out to favored institutions at subsidized rate (a rate so low that banks wouldn’t even lend to each other), all at the expense of FRN holders and bond holders with FRN denomination.

The FRN is the only currency accepted for tax payment; the government coersive power is ultimately the reason why people hold them (and the consequent expectation that someone somewhere would be similarly coerced so it won’t be out of style in a hurry). If not for the threat of government violence, as a person without any debt denominated in such a currency, I would have no reason to take or keep any FRN at all. Try trading in alternative currency? See what happened to Liberty Dollar?

The bank executives power to get FED bailout when bets go sour of course carries with it a market value in a rigged market place . . . just like any other corruption scheme involving arbitrarging official power. That’s why common shareholders may win or lose but insider executives at big banks always win.

Not sure who you are talking about. If a person offers “demand deposit” and fails to deliver specie on demand, it’s a clear breach of contract . . . and punishment for such contract breach should follow. In a modern economic system where there is limited liability corporations, at least the corporation should suffer the ignonimity of being liquidated. Buying the government off to void prior contract is deeply communistic. In fact, legal tender law, fiat money and central banking are all official planks of communism.

Nobody is making that claim. What we are objecting to is government bailouts and manipulation of the money supply. If banks want to engage in fractional reserve practices and when the bank run inevitably comes and they are held liable for their actions instead of being saved by government suspension of payment of the backing commodity (as was the practice before the current central bank) or by instituting a pure fiat currency to solve this ‘problem’ (as we have now) then history has shown that the banking practices were much more conservative and didn’t lead to business cycles.

You completely ignore this fact in your objection to the Austrian Business Cycle Theory.

No problem with that. Won’t stop me from calling them thieves and not engaging in business with them, if given a free market competitive option, and when they fail to meet their contractual obligations because they inflated too much I won’t have any sympathy for them when they get what is coming to them because of their fraudulent actions.

But when the government puts a gun to my head and takes my money to support their bad business practices then I have a big problem with them.

Well, for one it is counterfeiting and two it is criminal when they fail to fulfill their end of the bargain. What happened in the old days when the banks couldn’t redeem all their notes because the bankers lost them due to greed and people lost their life savings?

Attacking corporatism is fair game. The current banking system is a big cartel under the Federal Reserve, the ‘pillars of capitalism’ were thrown out with the rest of the trash 70 something years ago. If you can’t see the Fed and FDIC as anything but socialist institutions, as well as the fiat currency and monetizing federal debt, then you are lost in the wilderness, my friend.

Anyone who even looks like they have half a chance of beating them is soon raided by the DOJ. Sure I can join them, if I chose to buy bank shares. But if I don’t join them and keep the profits from my labor in a coffee can in the pantry then how am I voluntarily exposing myself to the ruinous effects of their actions?

So what are my choices, own bank shares or invest in Krugeraands? The fiat currency my company pays me every week is worthless as an investment or saving vehicle because of inflationary policies so I have to find other alternatives – unlike under specie where it was quite common for an average person like myself to have no bank dealings and keep their savings in their mattress.

So now the ‘pillar of capitalism’ has become a system where it is in the best interest of the holders of fiat currency to spend today instead of save for tomorrow due to devaluation from inflation and not having a ‘voluntary’ relationship with a banking institution is completely impossible.

So much for your freedom of association argument – brought to you by the banking cartel and government intervention.

Yet you deny that the government actively protect those who engage in this excessive money issuance. Government’s role in this cycle is what people have an issue with, abolish that and the Free Market will take care of the rest.

When the Fed sets reserve rates at 10% that doesn’t mean that banks have to keep their rates at 10%. They know full well what they are doing and they are just as guilty as the State that backs up their operations with taxpayer subsidized bailouts and ‘liquidity injections’. To claim otherwise is a worse insult to the bankers than everything I’ve been saying, that’s their job to know.

Hoppe has a theory on the subject

Sweet!!! I want some of this action…where does one purchase shares in the privately owned central bank anyway?

I agree with you there… What was Liberty Dollars supposed crime according to you, issuing fiduciary media that was denominated in a measure that was too close to the ‘legal’ government monopoly currency?

I will admit I haven’t read the whole book but one of the basic themes is that partial government intervention leads to corporatism…like the current banking cartel you are advocating ‘joining’ since the options to beat it are limited by a ‘legal’ government monopoly on the ‘exclusive’ right to produce money.

Maybe the section where government granted monopolies and cartels == good comes later in book?

No enforcement of it, and even if an Amendment was passed for it, it would be repealed later.

First, there were depressions/panics under the gold standard, not recessions. There is a dramatic difference in the symptoms of the two.

The recessions of the “fiat paper” era appear to have been caused by an increase in supply of money over demand, and capped by the Fed contracting that supply (by raising rates), which in 100% of the cases correlates with the outset of the recession.

The depressions, on the other hand, were in business cycles that did not involve inflation at all. You would have a period of real economic growth, causing an increase in demand for money over supply; gold could not expand to keep up, so there would be a period of spontaneous contraction at the end, resulting in depression.

The obvious difference is that the recessions lasted a maximum of two years, usually less, while the depressions lasted a minimum of two years, usually more, and the depressions also tended to include bank runs, commodity price failures, credit freeze, and other factors that were absent in most recessions.

But what was wrong with the gold standard of 1873-1933 is that it was imposed by government fiat. It was government actually monopolizing the commodity of gold, on top of its monopolization of money.

The real solution is a free market in money, without the government picking a winner by mandating that gold, or paper, or anything else, be the official currency. Let banks and others (I envision Wal Mart, Microsoft, Disney, Amazon, and Ebay being likely contenders) issue their own money, defining it however they wish, and let the free market decide what works best.

  1. https://forum.freecapitalists.org/t/panics-recessions-before-the-fed/13244

  2. https://forum.freecapitalists.org/t/booms-and-busts-before-the-fed-era/12291

There are also links within those two.

Do you mean they would issue their own special brand of paper money that could be redeemable in gold, and they’d be allowed to risk a certain percentage of your money in investments so that they’d be competing for each of their dollars to be worth more?

Let’s say that’s exactly what Disney does, because of the way the production of what they sell requires less external capital. They issue Disney Dubloons.

But Wal Mart has an asset to offer that Disney may not…trade with Wal Mart.

Right now, in our free banking economy, DDubloons (the Disney 1:1 reserve gold certificates) are the dominant currency. Ron Paul won.

Wal Mart prices everything in its store in DDubloons.

Its contractors, suppliers, and employees mostly are paid in DDubloons. A few prefer Microsoft SILVERLight certificates, instead.

But Wal Mart announces that, from now on, it will simultaneously price its goods in Walbucks and DDubloons, so you can use either one.

And it shall offer any percentage of payment to its suppliers/employees in Walbucks that they choose.

But the amount of Walbucks it offers in payment is MORE than proportionate to what it charges in its stores.

In other words, if you’re a Wal Mart employee who takes half of your pay in Walbucks, you’ll find that you can buy more goods at Wal Mart than if you’d taken it in DDubloons (in gold).

This creates an instant demand for Walbucks, because they are NOT tied to the gold DDubloons, but are literally more valueable, if you want to buy anything Wal Mart offers.

What’s more, you’ll naturally find that the exchange rate of Walbucks is somewhere between the value of DDubloons and the extra buying power they have at Wal Mart.

This new currency, purely virtual, with no backing but “I want to do business with Wal Mart”…tied to no commodity at all, is now more valuable than gold, more desirable than gold, et cetera.

Interestingly, that will probably drive down demand for gold, for Disney Dubloons…which will make Walbucks look even more useful and desirable, as its price can remain stable, or at least higher than gold’s because its value isn’t tied to some commodity.

Soon, your neighbor is paying her lawn guy to mow, entirely in Walbucks. The lawn guy doesn’t even shop at Wal Mart, but he knows he can get more from this purely virtual, unbacked currency in trade than from gold, and it’s price does not vacillate like gold’s.

Can Wal Mart sustain this trend? Will it screw up its pricing system, or “print” too much money? Maybe. But it’s competing with Microsoft, who of course immediately copies the idea, making it more accessible and popular somehow, maybe because it’s built into Windows. Amazon, naturally, comes out with a version where you can transact with its completely non-commodity-backed money through its Kindle. Apple and McDonald’s sue each other for the right to use the name McCash for their own currencies.

SOME of them end up managing to find good ways to balance their non-gold currencies, backed solely by their own credibility and the desire to do business with them.

Sadly, with each success, gold’s value falls further. Eventually, Disney’s bought out by EBay, and DDoubloons are officially discontinued in preference for PayPal Credits, although EBay maintains the existing system for the use of survivalists and conspiracy theorists, and any Rothbardians who aren’t bankrupt.

I know, long post…but it’s a fun one.