Big Problems With Table 7 of America's Great Depression

Table 7 of America’s Great Depression [page 109 in the printed book, and available here in pdf] is a key part of the book.

It purports to show that the increase in money supply during the 20’s was not due an increase in the quantity of gold, but rather by an increase in those components of the money supply that are controlled by the Fed.

The columns of the table represent 12 different time periods that make up the 20’s. In each column, there is a detailed listing of the 6 components of bank reserves controlled by the Fed, of the 4 that are not, and then begins the arithmetic.

The 6 components are added up and their sum is called “controlled reserves”, the other four also added up seperately and called “uncontrolled reserves”. It is shown that the “controlled reserves” numbers are mostly positive [=increase the money supply, i.e. inflationary], while the “uncontrolled reserves” are mostly negative [=deflationary]. And when you add up all the controlled reserves for the decade, and the uncontrolled ones for the decade, it’s clear that the conrolled are a huge 1.6 billion more than the uncontrolled [which are in sum negative]. So that the Fed was producing the inflation; it wasn’t caused by anything else.

This argument is very strong and convincing, but it hinges on one thing: getting your numbers right. In other words, you have to be careful that you add up the 6 components under fed control without making a mistake.

If, for example, you add 1+2+1+3+4-9, you have 2 as a result, not , say 15. Same thing with the 4 uncontrolled reserves. Make sure you add them up right.

And that is the problem. There are mistakes in 4 out of 12 columns. Mainly, in columns 1, 4, 5 and 8. In those four columns the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

Let’s discuss column 1 as an example of what I’m talking about. In column 1 Total Controlled should be -883, given the other numbers [not 462, a huge huge error] , and uncontrolled should be a whopping 1042 [not -303, another huge error] . Note that1043-883 is 159, so that the bottom line of 157 is fine, given that there are rounding errors, as Rothbard notes. But that doesn’t help us with Rothbard’s thesis. The positive numbers are supposed to come from controlled reserves [proving the Fed is inflating], and the uncontrolled numbers are supposed to be negative in this column, showing the gold supply was not inflating the money supply, since banks were offsetting that by paying off debt, as Rothbard writes on page 113. Instead the “controlled” number is deflationary [negative], and the “uncontrolled” is inflationary [positive], exactly the opposite of what Rothbard claims.

This puts a big hole in Rothbard’s argument.

Anyone here who can help with this?

I have verified what you said, that whilst column 2 adds up, colum 1 does not. to be more precise. controlled reserves in column one are too big, having been increased by 1345. whilst uncontrolled reserves are two small having had 1345 subtracted for them.

i don’t know why Bills Siscounted’s 1345 has fed that miscalculation, it seems odd for a fifth edition book

There are mistakes in 4 out of 12 columns. Mainly, in columns 1, 4, 5 and 8. In those four columns the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

also in the 12th column.

There is a pattern in this error, its whenever the bill discounted figure is negative. its (negative) value is subtracted from the controlled figure and added to the uncontrolled figure

When looking for controlled reserves during a period you subtract the bills discounted.

From my review on Amazon I did a long time ago:

I cannot know exactly what you mean by miscalculated figures, so I will take a guess at it.To answer to this that his figures do not add to the amounts he termed “controlled reserves”, Rothbard lays it out starting on 108: "Tables 7 and 8 are organized as follows. Bills Discounted, Bills Bought, Government Securities held by the Federal Reserve, and Other Credit constitute Federal Reserve Credit. Changes in Federal Reserve Credit (except for net reductions in Bills Discounted), plus changes in Treasury Currency, Treasury Cash, Treasury Deposits at the Federal Reserve, and Unexpended Capital Funds of the Reserve constitute the controlled changes in member bank reserves. The key thing when computing his numbers is you must subtract the negative Bills Discounted when looking for “total” controlled reserves in a period.

For example, when looking at Table 7 Period I, when you add Federal Reserve Credit (-996) + Treasury Currency, Treasury Cash, Treasury Deposits, and Unexpended Capital Funds of the Federal Reserve (112), you get -884, a long way from Rothbard’s “controlled reserve” of 462. However you must add back the Bills discounted (-1345), or just not add them at all to Federal Reserve Credit, (-996+1345) in order to get 461. And as Rothbard notes on, slight differences come from rounding, which is reasonable considering that all of these numbers are not even slivers of millions but have extra numbers attached to them. Do this only when the Bills Discounted are negative.

Similarly, when adding up uncontrolled reserves you must keep in mind the Bills Discounted. For example, when looking at Table 7 Period 1, when you add up Monetary Gold Stock, Money in Circulation, and Other Deposits, you get 1042, which is very off from -303. However, subtract 1345 from that and you will get -303.

There ya go. Thank you, guys.

I’ll edit my post in the “AGD” if I can, to point to here.