I like to think about theoretical situations and wonder what could possibly be done in such situations. In that case I will pose a question to you in the way of a fictional event.
Assume there was a bloodless coup that toppled the Russian government and I became autocrat of Russia. I want to fix the economic mistakes of past regimes. I come to you and ask what could be done with the situation of Russia(Current situation of today). The primary goals are to Modernize Armed Forces, Modernize Industry from old decaying remnants of the Soviet Union, Increase the standard of living and Privatize Health Care.
The same as we would do with any economy anywhere: enforce property rights and cut all other government programs. I would do it step-by-step and start with the most obvious areas (to give people the best chance of understanding the cause and effects) and every time clearly explain to people what the benefits are, and the possible short-term corrections that would arise.