Voluntaryist Reader: Is High-Frequency Trading Detrimental to Markets?

Voluntaryist Reader: Is High-Frequency Trading Detrimental to Markets?

The prevalent view in the media over the last few years has been that high-frequency trading (HFT) is dangerous for the financial markets and that regulation is necessary to ensure market stability. From a voluntaryist perspective I will argue that HFT — as any other technological advancement and voluntary interaction — is beneficial to the markets and that most of the undesirable phenomena for which it is blamed (market instability) are the result of unintended consequences from regulation.

Price everything in calories, then assign each of your preferences a handicap denominated in calories, or an algorithm that produces a current temporary handicap denominated in calories. Then assign each person an “electronic agent” which is a high-frequency trading machine that operates on a calorie-priced exchange worldwide exchange market for goods and services.

Good article. You might want to read the insightful comment just published below. :smiley:

Thanks abs. Thoughtful comments.
Of course, anyone is welcome to comment/critique.

Malachi, if efficient devices for energy transformation, transport, and storage are devised it is entirely possible that energy units (calories) become a medium of exchange. Not quite there yet, though.

I think HFT goes much deeper than what you presented. For example this:

"Many HFTs will make near-simultaneous trades on different exchanges and profit because of the delay in one of the exchanges. An example will help me explain: let’s use the NASDAQ and EDGE exchanges, and say that ABC stock is trading at $1.00.

The HFT will send a bunch of quotes (offers) to NASDAQ and EDGE, trying to sell ABC stock at $1.01. Once the NASDAQ order is accepted, the HFT can simultaneously cancel the $1.01 sell order on the EDGE exchange and replace it with a buy order at the original price of $1.00. EDGE immediately accepts that $1.00 order, because its system has not caught up to the new price of $1.01, and the HFT’s net position becomes zero.

This is possible because of latency, which is jargon for delay in the system. The net result is, the HFT captures a $0.01 arbitrage.

By scalping this tiny amount from many trades, the profits add up quickly."

And this:

“It is, which is why investors need to understand how to protect themselves. One of the most important tips I can give you is to never enter stop-losses into the market. There are algos designed to sniff out stop-losses and manipulate them against you.”

For a very insightful interview with HF trader see this: http://www.zerohedge.com/news/interview-high-frequency-trader

Interesting you’d publish now…Wenzel just had a writeup a couple weeks ago:

On High Frequency Trading

And here’s more:

Understanding High Frequency Trading

NYT Spotlights High Frequency Traders

Max Keiser and “Tyler Durden” on High Frequency Trading

Inside A High Frequency Trading Firm

A Very Confused Leon Cooperman or or Does He Have a Secret Agenda?

Prime, that’s pure arbitrage and it has been done for thousands of years in everything traded under the sun – from donkeys to equity shares. If it’s so easy and lucrative perhaps you, too, should try it. :slight_smile:

Anyway, I don’t see how that is hurting anyone or is detrimental to the markets. Pure arbitrage is a process by which price anomalies are eliminated and price information spreads across the market. When you go to buy IBM shares on one exchange, pure arbitrage ensures that you get the ‘market’ price reflecting the supply/demand from all exchanges.

JJ, I read EPJ and ZeroHedge and am aware of their differing views on the subject. HFT has been in the media for years now, especially after 2008.

People write/talk about what other people like to write/talk, I guess.

I didn’t say it was anything new…I just thought it was interesting that he had recently made a post specifically on that subject, and so did you…and figured people might be interested in more literature.

z1235’s article seems nice. I like it. Nice blog!

My father used to do this for a while but it wasn’t making enough money to be worth it, and computers were slower back then. My tip: you need alot of money to invest to make it worth it. If you don’t have enough money, the returns from HFT are too low relative the risk.

Being alert to and sensing and using differences in time before people notice that several prices for the same things exist in the same market due to ignorance, pure arbitrage involves pouncing on such differences before anyone else notices, buying at lower price to sell at medium price to person who sells at highest price. It is a stabilizing mechanism for markets according to Hayek (1948) and Kirzner (1973); it causes the market to have fewer different prices simultaneously for same thing, so that nobody sells scarce resources for less than people are willing to pay according to present preferences, leaving more of the resource available in the future for people (a price that is too low shall result in present consumptiuon of the resource being so great that less is left over for the future than people who consume it now prefer and is contrary to their own preferences had they possessed all the information) and thus more efficiently use scarce resources: the price difference, when acted upon narrows, first of all, and is also revealed, and thus eventually disappear, causing simultaneous prices for the same thing to converge toward whatever price best reflects people’s preferences according to what they are willing to pay. Of course, high price also converges to the medium price, as consumers who are willing to pay the higher price buy whatever they want, leaving on the people who value it less. Thus, instead of a high price and a low price simultaneously existing and confusing producers who wish to determine what and how much to begin producing, goods are sent to be sold to consumers ultimately at and only at the highest price consumers are willing to pay, whatever that price is in the immediate present.

All the complaints against high frequency and speed trading are basically made by some firms against other firms having faster computers, more people, and more money, allowing to the catch price differences first, and get the most out of them, closing such price differences already just when other firms have only noticed them and get ready to act on them. Its people complaining against competition that, however, makes the best use of resources and removes pricing error (pricing deviating from preferences by being too low or too high, this is, not consistent with preferences regarding distribution of consumption of the good over time and present valuation) due to ignorance by distributing information.

All such trading is beneficial, because like all arbitrage it directs consumption and production to most closely correspond to consumer preferences and smoothes out changes in consumption in production to most closely follow changes in consumer preferences, which otherwise result in several different prices all other things equal appearing over time due to ignorance by present producers of near past changes in preferences of consumers.

Of course socialists dislike it because they dislike arbitrage and trading in the first place.

Many businessmen dislike it because they can’t pull it off themselves given the competition. Instead of quietly finding other things to do, they complain.

Edit: Maybe I should just sign up to contibute on that blog, which seems well designed, actually. For instance, I’m presenting at the Austrian Student Scolar’s Coference in February, so I might post a write up on some themes touched.

Market has 2 different meanings.

It can be an enterprise that mediates and regulates trades between traders, i.e. a securities exchange.

And it can be the abstract social process by which prices emerge and goods and services are produced and allocated.

“Detrimental” makes more sense for the first meaning.

For the people running these exchanges, allowing high frequency trading to take place can be profitable or not, depending on their market model, i.e. how they profit from the trades they are hosting.

But for the market process “as a whole”, detrimental does not make much sense. The market process has no preferences nor intentions and nothing can be detrimental or favorable to it.

All we can say is that high frequency trading will be used by traders and allowed by people regulating the trades insofar as it seems useful for them to act like that.

Detrimental or beneficial refers to consumer preferences, which division of labor and trade attempts to satisfy. Otherwise people would neither specialize nor trade.

The market, which is voluntary, is beneficial by reason of being voluntary by both sides in every exchange. Each prefers the outcome of the trade to not trading. The goods exchanges change not at all, but people get pleasure by trading (Condillac; Gossen).

Since HFT is part of the market, not a result of violent intervention or coercion, it too is beneficial from the perspective of the preferences of individuals comprising society.

You are saying that given your ethical beliefs, HFT seems to be ethical.

That’s ok. But that’s not very important anyway.

What’s important is what HFT can do to the P&L of the NYSE, for example. If it hurts their P&L, probably the NYSE will look for ways to limit it’s growth.

Whether it is by imposing internal rules or through lobbying new regulations, they will seek some solution to their problem with HFT.

A stock exchange, or any other security exchange, is a business whose profits come precisely from their ability to generate an environment of rules and conventions where traders consider fair and profitable to make their deals.

If they understand that they can achieve that by limiting HFT, that’s what they will do, regardless of whether HFT is voluntary and therefore socially benefical or not.

By a similar token, one could say that trading on insider information “should” not be against the rules of an exchange, much less a serious felony, since there’s no distinct coercion.

That can be a topic for some interesting philosophy among non-practicioners.

However, the people organizing most stock exchanges, and also the traders they serve, think otherwise, and that’s why they invest a lot in mechanisms that detect and punish this kind of fraud.

So now we have computers trading on system noise, oops discerning and exploiting statistical patterns in market data, and guess what? Computers are/will be at least as good at losing money as Day Traders. And their cost benefits over a Day Trader are not as significant as one might suspect as the Day Traders bring their own cash to the table while the giant banks bring newly created Federal Reserve Notes, counterfeited money.

And just like with the Day Trading, when there were some large firms doing it and finding success that makes everyone else jump in and do the same. Eventually the little arbitriage games they are playing end up being losers.

And as usual the best political solution about this is to do nothing. The best solution for all except the HFT users, which will never happen, would be to dissolve the SEC and allow these exchanges to become free-for-alls with the exchanges setting their own rules about Day Trading, High Frequency Trading, Market Making, Insider Trading, etc. And if we do whats best the benefit will be that these arbitriage systems will be even shorter lived than they are currently.

Incorrect. Not ethical beliefs. All voluntary exchanges are beneficial to both sides, otherwise they would not have done them (remember: voluntary is the key word). Has nothing to do with ethical beliefs, mine, yours, or anybody. Economics is value free. People have preferences. They act to satisfy them. And the market is just a series of trades. HFT, as one of kind of trade, is beneficial.

The preferences of both sides are different. It does not matter what their preferences are nor what my preferences are. So long as the exchange took place and it was voluntary, then it was beneficial to both sides, a Pareto Improvement.

If they seek new regulations, then they are socialists and fools and knaves. Because it has nothing to do with ethics. It has to do with maximizing want-satisfaction, according to their preferences. Erroneous action decreases want-satisfaction in terms of their own preferences despite being intended to increase want-satisfaction. Unless socialism is advertised as “objective virtue”, in which case it is just a religion.

I am not a trader by any stretch but from what I have read about HFT, it has definitely put me off from entering the market. It just seems like too much risk when these billion $ organisations are HFT. I know there are still some good investments but it can be quite unsettling to know that I will always be one step behind.

It’s been around since late 1990’s if a company could get a fast connection and the computers (very expensive). It’s just easier now. And so more companies do it now. It has always required many resources to get any benefit from (remember, tiny gains per transaction, huge risk, so you need to operate with millions of dollars and have a few million to spare in case your account requires a deposit in case you screw up and need to recover.

So I guess yes, HFT is not possible for the most part for people like me and you, unless you have lots of capital in reserve. I would not engage in HFT because I simply am not able to, and indeed cannot compete with firms that do have the funding and the staff.

Due to a lot of people I know that have these jobs, 3 out of 5 people in the stock market are programmers, often physicists by education who cannot get other jobs (or like the pay), working to get and keep the computers and proprietary software running 23 hours a day without error, something that is in part due to the growth in HFT.

Yeah, right. You are saying that because HFT is voluntary, whatever voluntary means to you, it is beneficial. That’s pure ideology.

In the real world, any financial trade is not only between some part and some counter part. If it takes place in some exchange, the exchange is involved too, and the exchange has its own agenda, that includes not only short term profits but reputation building through assuming responsibilities towards other users of the exchange.

I agree, economics is value free, but it’s you who is impregnating economic analysis with your ideological predispositions, not me.

How come this is not value judgement?

People who actively seek new regulations generally have something to gain by setting up these regulations and the incentive structures they create.

If you think they are “socialist fools” you are being very naive and idealistic.